拜登的“X”时刻?以巴冲突管控与美中东政策的摆动
* “中美友好互信合作计划”是由复旦发展研究院和丰实集团共同打造的中美关系研究的学术平台
摘要
以军地面进攻加沙,冲突再次升级
人道主义危机发酵,以色列与盟国出现分歧
恐加剧社会分裂,拜登中东政策遭到质疑
1. Patrick Kingsley and Ronen Bergman,The New York Times, Under Shroud of Secrecy, Israel Invasion of Gaza Has Begun, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-invasion-secrecy.html?_ga=2.192996270.2023025432.1699122193-114853355.1698946440
2. Jonathan Saul,The Reuters, What are Israel’s tactics in ground invasion of Gaza? https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hostages-mind-israel-moves-slowly-gaza-ground-offensive-2023-10-30/
3. MJ Lee,Kevin Liptak,CNN,https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/01/politics/biden-israel-strikes-on-civilians/index.html
4. Steve Holland, Matt Spetalnick and Humeyra Pamuk, The Reuters, Behind Biden's shift on Israel-Hamas war: Gaza deaths, international pressure, https://www.reuters.com/world/behind-bidens-shift-israel-hamas-war-gaza-deaths-international-pressure-2023-10-27/
5. Andrea Shalal, The Reuters, Biden's Israel stance angers Arab, Muslim Americans; could jeopardize 2024 votes, https://www.reuters.com/world/bidens-israel-stance-angers-arab-muslim-americans-could-jeopardize-2024-votes-2023-10-24/
6. Kanishka Singh, The Reuters, Obama warns some of Israel's actions in Gaza may backfire, https://www.reuters.com/world/obama-warns-some-israels-actions-gaza-may-backfire-2023-10-23/
7. Zoë Richards,NBC, Biden calls for a 'pause' in Israel-Hamas war to 'get the prisoners out', https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-calls-pause-israel-hamas-war-rcna123274
8. ONATHAN SWEET AND MARK TOTH, the Hills, Biden is sending Israel mixed messages, https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/4287682-bidens-mixed-message-to-israel/
9. Mehul Srivastava, Guy Chazan, Raya Jalabi and James Politi, Financial Times, Israeli army ‘encircles’ Gaza City as US calls for pause in fighting, https://www.ft.com/content/9a639400-f3bc-4142-b958-2d519c72984c
10. David Miller, Financial Times, America is discovering the limits of its leverage on Israel, https://www.ft.com/content/5ed9e51d-98fd-45a6-8e88-d812c7395951
11. Felicia Schwartz, James Shotter, Financial Times, US shifts focus on Gaza to what follows an end to the war, https://www.ft.com/content/2bc594a3-84b9-4311-ab78-383900059a0d
12. Shibley Telhami,brookings, Biden’s dangerous stance on the war in Israel and Gaza, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/bidens-dangerous-stance-on-the-war-in-israel-and-gaza/
13. AJLabs, Aljazeera, Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live Tracker, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/10/9/israel-hamas-war-in-maps-and-charts-live-tracker#
14. The New York Times, Israel-Hamas War Netanyahu Appears to Rebuff Blinken’s Request for ‘Humanitarian Pauses’, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/11/03/world/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news
15. Michael D. Shear, David E. Sanger and Edward Wong, The New York Times, Biden’s Support for Israel Now Comes With Words of Caution, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/30/us/politics/biden-israel.html?_ga=2.256542600.2023025432.1699122193-114853355.1698946440
16. Aljazeera, Israeli siege forces Gaza’s only cancer hospital to shut amid fuel shortage, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/1/gazas-only-cancer-treatment-hospital-shuts-down-after-running-out-of-fuel
17. UN News, UN General Assembly adopts Gaza resolution calling for immediate and sustained ‘humanitarian truce’, https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/10/1142847#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20General%20Assembly,Israel%20has%20expanded%20ground
18. Andrea Shalal, The Reuters, Arab American support for Biden, Democrats plummets over Israel, poll shows, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/arab-american-support-biden-democrats-plummets-over-israel-poll-2023-10-31/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20Oct%2031%20%28Reuters%29%20,a%20comfortable%20majority%20in%202020
19. CLIFF SIMS, The Federalist News, Unlike Trump, Biden is not shaping global events so much as he is reacting to them, https://thefederalist.com/2023/10/24/bidens-global-chaos-vindicates-the-strong-foreign-policy-of-his-top-rival/#:~:text=Unlike%20Trump%2C%20Biden%20is%20not,Secretary%20of%20Defense%20Bob
20. MATTHEW LEE AND AAMER MADHANI, AP News, Hamas attack on Israel thrusts Biden into Mideast crisis and has him fending off GOP criticism, https://apnews.com/article/biden-hamas-israel-gop-trump-desantis-13641817571f8df9afeeb720d1774cdc#
21. Yaseen Al-Sheikh,Foreign Policy, Young Americans Are Swinging Toward Palestine’s Cause, https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/20/americans-palestine-israel-public-opinion-right-wing-politics/#
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